Aarhus has a natural harbour. Therefore, a trading centre grew there already during the Viking Age. In 948, the town became an Episcopal seat. In the Middle Ages, trade and shipping flourished. Agricultural products were exported. Salt was among the most important imported goods.
The oldest buildings in the town are Vor Frue Kirke (the Church of Our Lady) and the cathedral, both dating from the 13th century.
Aarhus had another period of expansion in the 19th century when the railway was built. Today it is an important industrial town with the second largest harbour in Denmark. It is also the cultural centre of Jylland, with a university, colleges and museums.